Abolins M, Oskin R, Prave T, Summa C, Corsetti F.  2000.  Neoproterozoic glacial record in the Death Valley region, California and Nevada. Great Basin and Sierra Nevada GSA Field Guide. 2

Ackert RP.  1998.  A rock glacier/debris-covered glacier system at Galena Creek, Absaroka mountains, Wyoming. Geografiska Annaler Series a-Physical Geography. 80A:267-276. Abstract

Alden WC.  1932.  Physiography and glacial geology of eastern Montana and adjacent areas. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 174

Aleinikoff JN, Muhs DR, Saner RR, Fanning CM.  1999.  Late Quaternary loess in northeastern Colorado: Part II - Pb isotopic evidence for the variability of loess sources. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 111:1876-1883. Abstract

Alford D.  1970.  Mass-balance studies: Grasshopper Glacier, Montana. Arctic and Alpine Research. 2:72-79.

Allen CR, Kamb WB, Meier MF, Sharp RP.  1960.  Structure of the Lower Blue Glacier, Washington. Journal of Geology. 68:601-625.

Allen JE.  1975.  The Wallowa "ice cap" of northeastern Oregon, an exercise in the interpretation of glacial landforms. Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Portland, OR, United States, The Ore Bin. 37:189-202.

Allen JE.  1989.  Ice-age glaciers and lakes south of the Columbia River Gorge: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Portland, OR, United States. Oregon Geology. 51:12-14.

Allen JE, Burns M, Burns S.  2009.  Cataclysms on the Columbia.

Allen JE, Burns M, Sargent SC.  1986.  Cataclysms on the Columbia : a layman's guide to the features produced by the catastrophic Bretz floods in the Pacific Northwest.

Allen TR.  1998.  Topographic context of glaciers and perennial snowfields, Glacier National Park, Montana. Geomorphology. 21:207-216.

Alt D.  2001.  Glacial Lake Missoula and its Humongous Floods.

Anderson RS.  2002.  Modeling the tor-dotted crests, bedrock edges, and parabolic profiles of high alpine surfaces of the Wind River Range, Wyoming. Geomorphology. 46:35-58. Abstract

Anslow FS, Hostetler S, Bidlake WR, Clark PU.  2008.  Distributed energy balance modeling of South Cascade Glacier, Washington and assessment of model uncertainty. Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface. 113:18. Abstract

Armstrong JE, Crandell DR, Easterbrook DJ, Noble JB.  1965.  Late Pleistocene Stratigraphy and Chronology in Southwestern British Columbia and Northwestern Washington. Geologic Society of America Bulletin. 76:321-330.

Arno S.  1966.  Existing Glaciers in the Conterminous United States.

Atwater BF, Adam DP, Bradbury JP, Forester RM, Mark RK, Lettis WR, Fisher GR, Gobalet KW, Robinson SW.  1986.  A fan dam for Tulare Lake, California, and implication for the Wisconsin glacial history of the Sierra Nevada. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 97:97-109.

Atwood JWW.  1937.  Records of Pleistocene glaciers in the Medicine Bow and Park Ranges [Wyoming and Colorado]. Journal of Geology. 45:113-140.

Babson SG.  1997.  Letters from Arnold Hague: early Mount Hood explorer. 98:206-221.

Bach A.  2002.  Snowshed contributions to the Nooksack river watershed, North Cascades Range, Washington. Geographical Review. 92:192-212. Abstract

Bailey RA, Huber NK, Curry RR.  1990.  The Diamicton At Deadman Pass, Central Sierra-Nevada, California - a residual lag and colluvial deposit, not a 3-Ma glacial till.. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 102:1165-1173.

Baker CL.  1946.  Geology of the northwestern Wind River Mountains, Wyoming. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 57:565-569.

Baker M.  1900.  Survey of the northwestern boundary of the United States, 1857-1861. US Geological Survey Bulletin. 174:78.

Barsch D.  1987.  The Problem of the Ice-Cored Rock Glacier. Rock Glaciers. 1:45-53.

Beckey F.  2003.  Range of Glaciers, the Exploration and Survey of the Northern Cascade Range.

Beget JE.  1984.  Tephrochronology of Late Wisconsin Deglaciation and Holocene Glacier Fluctuations Near Glacier Peak, North Cascade Range, Washington. Quaternary Research. 21:304-316.

Bender VR.  1958.  Glacier Studies, Mount Rainier National Park 1958. Nat'l. Park Service, Mt. Rainier National Park (unpublished report).

Bender VR.  1959.  Glacier Studies, Mount Rainier National Park 1959. Nat'l. Park Service, Mt. Rainier National Park (unpublished report).

Benedict JB, Benedict AD.  1984.  Guidebook to the Glacial Geology, Archeology, and Natural History of the Arapaho Pass Area, Colorado Front Range.

Benedict JB, Benedict RJ, Sanville D.  1986.  Arapaho rock glacier, Front Range, Colorado, U.S.A.; a 25-year resurvey. Arctic and Alpine Research. 18:349-352.

Bengston K.  1956.  Activity of the Coleman Glacier, Mt. Baker, Washington, U. S. A., 1949-1955. Journal of Glaciology. 2:708-713.

Benito G, O'Conner JE.  2003.  Number and size of last-glacial Missoula floods in the Columbia River Valley between the Pasco Basin, Washington, and Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 115:624-638.

Benson LV, May HM, Antweiler RC, Brinton TI, Kashgarian M, Smoot JP, Lund SP.  1998.  Continuous lake-sediment records of glaciation in the Sierra Nevada between 52,600 and 12,500 14C yr B.P.. Quarternary Research. 50:113-127.

Berger WH.  2010.  On glacier retreat and drought cycles in the Rocky Mountains of Montana and Canada. Quaternary International. 215:27-33. Abstract

Berry ME.  1994.  Soil-geomorphic analysis of late-Pleistocene glacial sequences in the McGee, Pine and Bishop Creek drainage east-central Sierra Nevada, California. Quaternary Research. 41:160-175.

Berta S.  1986.  Identification of rock glaciers using enhanced Landsat MSS data. Professional Paper. 18:3-15.

Bidlake WR, Josberger EG, Savoca ME.  2007.  Water, Ice, and Meteorological Measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, Balance Years 2004 and 2005. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report. 2007-5055:70. Abstract

Birkeland PW.  1964.  Pleistocene Glaciation of the Northern Sierra Nevada, North of Lake Tahoe, California. Journal of Geology. 72:810-825.

Birkeland PW.  1973.  Use of relative age-dating in a stratigraphic study of rock glacier deposits, Mount Sopris, Colorado. Arctic and Alpine Research. 5:401-416.

Birman JH.  1964.  Glacial Geology Across the Crest of the Sierra Nevada, California.

Bischoff JL, Cummins K.  2001.  Wisconsin Glaciation of the Sierra Nevada (79,000-15,000 yr BP) as recorded by rock flour in sediments of Owens Lake, California. Quaternary Research. 55:14-24.

Bitz CM, Battisti DS.  1999.  Interannual to decadal variability in climate and the glacier mass balance in Washington, western Canada, and Alaska. Journal of Climate. 12:3181-3196. Abstract

Black GL.  2000.  Geology and origin of Waldo Lake, Oregon. Lake and Reservoir Management. 16:17-24.

Blackburn CF.  1881.  Glacial observations in the Wind River Mountains.

Blackwelder E.  1931.  Pleistocene glaciation in the Sierra Nevada and Basin Ranges. Geologic Society of America Bulletin. 42:865-922.

Borgert JA.  1999.  Extent and Chronology of Alpine Glaciation in the Alturas Valley, Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho. Geology. M.S.

Bradley FH.  1873.  Explorations of 1872: U.S. Geological Survey of the Territories, under Dr. F.V. Hyden; Snake River Division. The American Journal of Science and the Arts. 6:194-207.

Brandenberger AJ.  1962.  Mapping glaciers in Western United States : for the period 21 December 1960 - 31 December 1961.

Brandenberger AJ.  1963.  Periodical Photogrammetric Mapping of Glaciers in Western United States for Glaciological Studies.

Brandenberger AJ, Bull C.  1966.  Glacier Surveying and Mapping Program of the Ohio State University. Canadian Journal of Earth Science. 3:849-861.

Breckenridge RM.  1973.  Glaciation of Northwestern Wyoming Interpreted From ERTS-1. Symposium on Significant Results Obtained From the Earth Resources Technology Satellite. 1:363-369.

Breckenridge RM.  1974.  Quaternary and Environmental Geomorphology of the Upper Wood River Area, Absaroka Range, Wyoming. Geology. PhD

Bretz JH.  1923.  The Channeled Scabland of the Columbia Plateau. Journal of Geology. 31:617-649.

Bretz JH.  1928.  The Channeled Scabland of Eastern Washington. Geographical Review. 18:446-477.

Bretz JH, Smith HTU, Neff GE.  1956.  Channeled Scabland of Washington: New data and interpretations. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 67:957-1049.

Brocklehurst SH, Whipple KX.  2002.  Glacial erosion and relief production in the Eastern Sierra Nevada, California. Geomorphology. 42:1-24.

Brower DR.  1964.  Of, By, and For the Mountains.

Brugger KA.  1985.  Till provenance studies and glacier reconstructions in the Wildhorse Canyon area, Idaho. Geology. MS

Brugger KA.  1996.  Implications of till-provenance studies for glaciological reconstructions of the paleoglaciers of Wildhorse Canyon, Idaho, U.S.A. Annals of Glaciology. 22:93-101.

Brugger KA.  2002.  Cosmogenic dating of glacial moraine sequences in the Taylor River valley, southern Sawatch Range, Colorado. Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain Section, 54th annual meeting, Abstracts with Programs 34, no 4.

Brugger KA, Goldstein BS.  1999.  Paleoglacier reconstruction and late Pleistocene equilibrium-line altitudes, southern Sawatch Range, Colorado. Geological Society of America Special Papers. 337:103-112.

Bryant B.  1979.  Geology of the Aspen 15-minute quadrangle, Pitkin and Gunnison Counties, Colorado. US Geological Survey Professional Paper. 1073:146.

Buchholtz CW.  1983.  Rocky Mountain National Park: a history.

Burbank DW.  1981.  A Chronology of Late Holocene Glacier Fluctuations on Mount Rainier, Washington. Arctic and Alpine Research. 13:369-386.

Burbank DW.  1991.  Late Quaternary Snowline Reconstructions for the Southern and Central Sierra-Nevada, California and a Reassessment of the Recess Peak Glaciation. Quaternary Research. 36:294-306.

Bursik MI, Gillespie AR.  1993.  Late Pleistocene glaciation of Mono Basin, California. Quaternary Research. 39:24-35.

Businger JA.  1962.  Investigations on the Blue Glacier. Weatherwise. 15:68-74.

Butler DR.  1988.  Neoglacial climatic inferences from rock glaciers and protalus ramparts, southern Lemhi Mountains, Idaho. Physical Geography. 9:71-80.

Cable J, Ogle K, Williams D.  2011.  Contribution of glacier meltwater to streamflow in the Wind River Range, Wyoming, inferred via a Bayesian mixing model applied to isotopic measurements. Hydrological Processes. 25:2228-2236. Abstract

Camp FA.  1958.  Sierra Nevada Glacier Measured. Civil Engineering. 28:34-35.

Carrara PE.  1987.  Holocene and latest Pleistocene glacial chronology, Glacier National Park, Montana. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 24:387-395.

Carrara PE, Kiver EP, Stradling DF.  1996.  The southern limit of Cordilleran ice in the Colville and Pend Oreille valleys of northeastern Washington during the late Wisconsin glaciation. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 33:769-778.

Carrara PE, Short SK, Wilcox RE.  1986.  Deglaciation of the Mountainous region of Northwestern Montana, USA, as indicated by Late Pleistocene ashes. Arctic and Alpine Research. 18:317-325.

Carrara PE, Trimble DA.  1992.  A glacier peak and Mount Saint Helens J volcanic ash couplet and the timing of deglaciation in the Colville Valley area, Washington. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 29:2397-2405.

Cary AS, McGaroch JCB.  1947.  Ramp valleys of northwestern Montana and northern Idaho. Northwest Science. 21

Case JB.  1960.  Glacier Mapping in the Western United States. 943:11.

Case JB.  1961.  Glacier Mapping Activities in the United States. General Assembly of Helsinki, July 25-August 6, 1960: Commission of Snow and Ice. 54:359-365.

Casola JH, Cuo L, Livneh B, Lettenmaier DP, Stoelinga MT, Mote PW, Wallace JM.  2009.  Assessing the Impacts of Global Warming on Snowpack in the Washington Cascades. Journal of Climate. 22:2758-2772. Abstract

Cecil LD, Green JR, Vogt S, Michel R, Cottrell G.  1998.  Isotopic composition of ice cores and meltwater from upper fremont glacier and Galena Creek rock glacier, Wyoming. Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography. 80:287-292.

Cecil LD, Green JR, Vogt S, Sharma P, Frape SK, Davis SN, Cottrell GL.  1999.  Chlorine-36 in water, snow, and mid-latitude glacial ice of North America; meteoric and weapons-tests production in the vicinity of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho. Water-Resources Investigations.

Chadwick OA, Hall RD, Phillips FM.  1997.  Chronology of Pleistocene glacial advances in the Central Rocky Mountains. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 109:1443-1452.

Chaney JLW.  1895.  A glacier in the Montana Rockies. Science. 2:792-796.

Clapperton C.  2000.  Interhemispheric synchroneity of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 2 glacier fluctuations along the American cordilleras transect. Journal of Quaternary Science. 15:435-468.

Clark DH, Clark MM, Gillespie AR.  1994.  Debris-Covered Glaciers in the Sierra-Nevada, California, and Their Implications for Snowline Reconstructions. Quaternary Research. 41:139-153.

Clark DH, Gillespie AR.  1997.  Timing and significance of late-glacial and Holocene cirque glaciation in the Sierra Nevada, California. Quaternary International. 38-39:21-38.

Clark DH, Gillespie AR, Clark MM.  1994.  Debris-Covered Glaciers in the Sierra-Nevada, California, and Their Implications for Snowline Reconstruction - Reply. Quaternary Research. 42:359-362.

Clark DH, Steig EJ, Potter JN, Gillespie AR.  1998.  Genetic variability of rock glaciers. Geografiska Annaler. Series A: Physical Geography. 80:175-182.

Clynne MA, Ramsey DW, Wolfe EW.  2005.  Pre-1980 eruptive history of Mount St. Helens, Washington. USGS Fact Sheet. 2005-3045:4. Abstract

Coleman ET.  1878.  Mountains and mountaineering in the Far West. The Alpine Journal. 8:385-398.

Comstock TB.  1886.  Some Peculiarities of the Local Drift of the Rocky Mountains. American Naturalist. 20:925-927.

Condon DJ, Prave AR, Benn DI.  2002.  Neoproterozoic glacial-rainout intervals: Observations and implications. Geology. 30:35.

Conway H, Rasmussen LA, Marshall HP.  1999.  Annual Mass Balance of Blue Glacier, USA: 1955-97. Geografiska Annaler Series A: Physical Geography. 81:509-520. Abstract

Corbato CE.  1965.  Thickness and Basal Configuration of Lower Blue Glacier, Washington, Determined by Gravimetry. Journal of Glaciology. 5:637-650.

Corsetti FA, Kaufman AJ.  1999.  Tossing Neoproterozoic snowballs between Death Valley, USA, and Namibia; a comparison of unique post-glacial facies and carbon isotope trends. Geological Society of America, 1999 annual meeting. Abstract

Crandell DR.  1963.  Paradise debris flow at Mount Rainier, Washington. US Geological Survey Professional Paper. B:135-139. Abstract

Crandell DR.  1965.  The Glacial History of Western Washington and Oregon. The Quaternary of the United States. 1:341-353.

Crandell DR, Miller RD.  1964.  Post-hypsithermal glacier advances at Mount Rainier, Washington.

Curry RR.  1966.  Glaciation about 3,000,000 years ago in the Sierra Nevada. Science. 154:770-771. Abstract

Dale RF.  1966.  Climate of California. U.S Weather Bureau climatography of the United States. 60-4:37.

Daly C, Gibson W, and Taylor G.  2003.  United States Average Monthly or Annual Precipitation, 1971-2000.

Danner WR.  1955.  Geology of Olympic National Park.

Davey A.  1962.  Changes in Blue Glacier, Mount Olympus, Washington.

Davis PT.  1988.  Holocene glacier fluctuations in the American Cordillera. Quaternary Science Reviews. 7:129-157.

Davis WM.  1917.  Sublacustrine Glacial Erosion in Montana. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 3:696-702.

Dea PA.  1981.  Glacial geology of the Ovando Valley, Powell County, Montana. Geology. M.S.

Delo DM.  1940.  Recent recession of Dinwoody glaciers, Wind River Mountains, Wyoming. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 51:1924.

Denton GH, Hughes TJ.  1981.  The Last great ice sheets. Abstract

Dethier DP.  1980.  Reconnaissance study of Holocene glacier fluctuations in the Three Sisters area, Oregon. Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union. 61:69.

Doerner JP, Carrara PE.  1999.  Deglaciation and Postglacial Vegetation History of the West Mountains, West-Central Idaho, U.S.A. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 31:303-311. Abstract

Dorn RI, Donahue DJ, Turrin BD, Jull AJT, Linick TW.  1987.  Radiocarbon and cation-ratio ages for rock varnish on Tioga and Tahoe morainal boulders of Pine Creek, earstern Sierra Nevada, California, and their paleoclimatic implications. Quaternary Research. 28:36-49. Abstract

Driedger CL.  1986.  A Visitor's Guide to Mount Rainier Glaciers. 80

Driedger CL, Kennard PM.  1986.  Ice volumes on Cascade volcanoes : Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Three Sisters, and Mount Shasta. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1365.

Drummond CN, Wilkinson BH, Lohmann KC, Smith GR.  1993.  Effect of regional topography and hydrology on the lacustrine isotopic record of Miocene paleoclimate in the Rocky Mountains. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 101:67.

Dyson JL.  1948.  Shrinkage of Sperry and Grinnell Glaciers, Glacier National Park, Montana. Geographical Review. 38:95-103.

Dyson JL.  1952.  Glaciers of the American Rocky Mountains : triennial report 1950 - 1952.

Easterbrook DJ.  1963.  Late Pleistocene Glacial Events and Relative Sea-Level Changes in the Northern Puget Lowland, Washington.

Elder K.  1994.  Measurements and Estimation of Winter Mass Balance Teton Glacier, Grand Teton National Park, 1993.

Elliott-Fisk DL.  1987.  Glacial geomorphology of the White Mountains, California and Nevada; establishment of a glacial chronology. Physical Geography. 8:299-323.

Elrick M, Read JF, Coruh C.  1991.  Short-term paleoclimatic fluctuations expressed in lower Mississippian ramp-slope deposits, southwestern Montana. Journal of Geology. 19:799-802. Abstract

Emmons SF.  1877.  The Volcanoes of the Pacific Coast of the United States. Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York. 9:45-65.

Emmons SF.  1887.  On glaciers in the Rocky Mountains. Proceedings of the Colorado Scientific Society. 2:211-227.

Epstein S.  1956.  Variations of the O18/O16 Ratios of Fresh Waters and Ice. Nuclear Processes in Geologic Settings. 19:20-28.

Fedo CM, Cooper JD.  2001.  Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of Neoproterozoic and Cambrian units across a craton-margin hinge zone, southeastern California, and implications for the early evolution of the Cordilleran margin. Sedimentary Geology. 141-142:501-522.

Fenneman NM.  1902.  The Arapahoe Glacier in 1902. The Journal of Geology. 10:839-851.

Ferrigno JG.  1985.  Recession of Grasshopper Glacier, Montana, since 1998. Annals of Glaciology. 8:65-68.

Fischer A.  2011.  Comparison of direct and geodetic mass balances on a multi-annual time scale. Cryosphere. 5:107-124. Abstract

Fortner SK, Lyons WB, Fountain AG, Welch KA, Kehrwald NM.  2009.  Trace element and major ion concentrations and dynamics in glacier snow and melt: Eliot Glacier, Oregon Cascades. Hydrological Processes. 23:2987-2996. Abstract

Foster D, Brocklehurst SH, Gawthorpe RL.  2010.  Glacial-topographic interactions in the Teton Range, Wyoming. Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface. 115:20. Abstract

Fountain AG.  1982.  PROFILE: Project Office – Glaciology, U.S. Geological Survey. ICE, News Bulletin of the International Glaciological Society. 69:19-22.

Fountain AG.  1993.  Geometry and flow conditions of subglacial water at South Cascade Glacier, Washington State, U.S.A.; an analysis of tracer injections. Journal of Glaciology. 39:143-156.

Fountain AG, Fulk MA.  1984.  South Cascade Glacier Bibliography. USGS Open-File Report. 84-441:14.

Fountain AG, Hoffman M, Jackson K, Basagic HJ, Nylen TH, Percy D.  2007.  Digital outlines and topography of the glaciers of the American West. USGS Open-File Report. 2006-1340:23.

Fountain AG, Hoffman MJ, Granshaw F, Riedel J.  2009.  The 'benchmark glacier' concept - does it work? Lessons from the North Cascade Range, USA Annals of Glaciology. 50:163-168. Abstract

Fountain AG, Jackson K, Basagic HJ, Sitts D.  2007.  A century of glacier change on Mount Baker, Washington. Geological Society of America - Abstracts with Programs. 39:67. Abstract

Fountain AG, Jacobel RW.  1997.  Advances in ice radar studies of a temperate alpine glacier, South Cascade Glacier, Washington, U.S.A. Annals of Glaciology. 24:303.

Fountain AG, Krimmel RM, Trabant D.  1997.  A strategy for monitoring glaciers. U.S. Geological Survey Circular, 1132.

Fountain AG, Tangborn WV.  1985.  The effect of glaciers on streamflow variations. Water Resources Research. 21:579-586. Abstract

Fryxell F.  1933.  The Migration of Superglacial Boulders. The Journal of Geology. 41:737-747. Abstract

Fryxell F.  1935.  Glaciers of the Grand Teton National Park of Wyoming. The Journal of Geology. 43:381-397. Abstract

Gallison GD.  1957.  Report of Glacier Studies in Yosemite National Park.

Gardner JV, Mayer LA, Clarke JEH.  2000.  Morphology and processes in Lake Tahoe (California-Nevada). Geological Society of America Bulletin. 112:736-746.

Gawarecki SL.  1984.  Divide crossing by pre-"Pinedale" age glacier, recognized by provenance study, White Cloud Peaks, Idaho. Fifty-seventh annual meeting of the South Carolina Academy of Science..

Gehr K.  1967.  Now they have names; the glaciers of Mt. St. Helens. Mazama. 49:10-12.

Giardino JR.  1983.  Movement of ice-cemented rock glaciers by hydrostatic pressure; an example from Mount Mestas, Colorado. Zeitschrift fuer Geomorphologie. 27:297-310.

Giardino JR, Shroder JF, Lawson MP.  1984.  Tree-Ring Analysis of Movement of a Rock-Glacier Complex on Mount Mestas, Colorado, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research. 16:299-309. Abstract

Giardino JR, Shroder JF, Vitek JD.  1987.  Rock glaciers.

Gibbs G.  1872.  Physical Geography of the North-Western Boundary of the United States. Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York. 3:134-157.

Giles GC.  1958.  Nisqually Glacier and Emmons Glacier, Washington. Progress Report 1957.

Giles GC.  1959.  Nisqually Glacier, Washington. Progress Report 1938.

Giles GC.  1960.  Nisqually Glacier, Mt. Rainier, Washington: 1958 Progress Report.

Gillespie AR, Clark MM, Burke RM.  1999.  Eliot Blackwelder and the alpine glaciations of the Sierra Nevada. GSA Special Papers. 338:443.

Gillespie AR, Molnar P.  1995.  Asynchronous maximum advances of mountain and continental glaciers. Reviews of Geophysics. 33:311.

Glaciology IGYWDCA:.  1960.  Glaciological Notes. Supplement A:19.

Glazner AF, Manley CR, Marron JS, Rojstaczer S.  1999.  Climate Studies - Fire or ice: Anticorrelation of volcanism and glaciation in California over the past 800,000 years. Geophysical Research Letters. 26:1759.

Granshaw FD.  2002.  Glacier Change in the North Cascade National Park Complex, Washington USA, 1958 to 1998. Geology. MS

Granshaw FD, Fountain AG.  2006.  Glacier change (1958-1998) in the North Cascades National Park Complex, Washington, USA. Journal of Glaciology. 52:251-256. Abstract

Grauer J.  1975.  Mount Hood: a complete history.

Green JR, Cecil LD, Synal H-A, Kreutz KJ, Wake CP, Naftz DL, Frape SK.  2000.  Chlorine-36 and cesium-137 in ice-core samples from mid-latitude glacial sites in the Northern Hemisphere. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section B, Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 172:812.

Gugger PF, Sugita S.  2010.  Glacial populations and postglacial migration of Douglas-fir based on fossil pollen and macrofossil evidence. Quaternary Science Reviews. 29:2052-2070. Abstract

Guyton B.  1998.  Glaciers of California modern glaciers, ice age glaciers, origin of Yosemite Valley, and a glacier tour in the Sierra Nevada.

Hague A.  1913.  Biographical Memoir of Samuel Franklin Emmons, 1841-1911. Biographical Memoirs. 7

Haines AL.  1962.  Mountain fever: Historic Conquests of Rainier.

Hall MHP, Fagre DB.  2003.  Modeled Climate-Induced Glacier Change in Glacier National Park, 1850-2100. Bioscience. 53:131-140. Abstract

Handewith JHJ.  1959.  Recent glacier variations on Mount Hood [Oregon]. Mazama. 40:23-28.

Hares CJ.  1925.  Tertiary Glaciation in Wyoming, Colorado and Utah. Science. 62:308.

Harper JT.  1993.  Glacier Terminus Fluctuations on Mount Baker, Washington, USA, 1940-1990, and Climatic Variations. Arctic and Alpine Research. 25:332-340. Abstract

Harrington CD.  1985.  A revision in the glacial history of Jackson Hole, Wyoming. The Mountain Geologist. 22:28-32.

Harrison AE.  1954.  Fluctuations of the Nisqually Glacier, Mt. Rainier, Washington, during the Last Two Centuries. Assemblee Generale de rome, 1954: Comptes-Rendus et Rapports de la Commission des Neiges et des Glaces. 4:506-510.

Harrison AE.  1956.  Fluctuations of the Nisqually Glacier, Mt. Rainier, Washington, since 1750. Journal of Glaciology. 2:675-683.

Harrison AE.  1956.  Glacial Activity in the Western United States. Journal of Glaciology. 2:666-668.

Harrison AE.  1960.  Exploring Glaciers With a Camera.

Harrison AE.  1961.  Fluctuations of the Coleman Glacier, Mt. Baker, Washington. Journal of Geophysical Research. 66:649-650.

Harrison AE.  1961.  Ice Thickness Variations at an Advancing Front, Coleman Glacier, Mt. Baker, Washington. Journal of Glaciology. 3:1168-1170.

Harrison AE.  1964.  Short summary on Western Cordillera. Ice. 16:15.

Harrison WD, Elsberg DH, Echelmeyer KA, Krimmel RM.  2001.  On the characterization of glacier response by a single time-scale. The Journal of Glaciology. 47:659.

Hatch L.  1917.  The glaciers of Mount Jefferson [Oregon]. Mazama. 5:136-139.

Haugen BD, Scambos TA, Pfeffer WT, Anderson RS.  2010.  Twentieth-century Changes in the Thickness and Extent of Arapaho Glacier, Front Range, Colorado. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research. 42:198-209. Abstract

Hawkins JJW.  1962.  Ice Structure Mapping: Blue Glacier 1962 Ice Tunnel.

Hayden FV.  1878.  Discovery of recent glaciers in Wyoming. The American Naturalist. 12:830-831.

Hayden FV.  1878.  Glaciers in the Wind River Mountains [Wyoming]. Science News. 1:20-21.

Hayden FV.  1880.  The Annual Report of the Hayden Survey for 1877. American Naturalist. 14:360.

Hayes PS, Rasmussen LA, Conway H.  2002.  Estimating precipitation in the central cascades of Washington. Journal of Hydrometeorology. 3:335-346. Abstract

Heald WF.  1956.  An Active Glacier in Nevada. American Alpine Journal. 10:164-167.

Heine JT.  1998.  Extent, timing, and climatic implications of glacier advances Mount Rainier, Washington, U.S.A., at the pleistocene/holocene transition. Quaternary Science Reviews. 17:1139-1148.

Hekkers ML.  2008.  Climatic and Spatial Variations of Mount Rainier's Glaciers for the Last 12,000 Years, Washington, U.S.A.. Geology. MS

Heliker CC, Johnson A, Hodge SM.  1984.  The Nisqually Glacier, Mount Rainier, Washington, 1857-1979: a summary of the long-term observations and a comprehensive bibliography. USGS Open-File Report. 83-541:20.

Henderson J.  1905.  Extinct Glaciers of Colorado.

Henderson J.  1910.  Extinct and Existing Glaciers of Colorado. University of Colorado Studies. 8:33-76.

Heusser CJ.  1957.  Variations of Blue, Hoh, and White glaciers during recent centuries. Arctic. 10:139-150.

Hills RC.  1884.  Extinct glaciers of the San Juan Mountains. American Journal of Science. 27:391-396.

Hodge ET.  1925.  The geology of Mt. Jefferson. Mazamas. 7:25-28.

Hofmann W.  1958.  Der Vorstoss der Nisqually-Gletschers am Mt. Rainier, U. S. A., von 1952 bis 1956 (The Advance of Nisqually Glacier on Mt. Rainier, U. S. A., from 1952 to 1956). Zeitschrift fur Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie. 4:47-60.

Holtmeier FK.  1979.  Luftbild: Arapaho Pass, Colorado Front Range, USA. (Aerial Photograph: the Arapaho Pass, Colorado Front Range, USA). Die Erde. 110:97-106.

Hopson RE.  1960.  Collier Glacier - A Photographic Record. Mazama. 42:1-12.

Hopson RE.  1961.  Collier Glacier, 1961. Mazama. 43:37-39.

Hopson RE.  1965.  Collier Glacier, 1965. Mazama. 47:54-56.

Hostetler SW, Clark PU.  1997.  Climatic Controls of Western U.S. Glaciers at the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Science Reviews. 16:505.

Hubley RC.  1956.  Glaciers of the Washington Cascade and Olympic Mountains; Their Present Activity and its Relation to Local Climatic Trends. Journal of Glaciology. 2:669-674.

Hubley RC.  1957.  Glacier Research on Mt. Olympus, Olympic National Park, Washington. Final report, Arctic Institute of N. America subcontracts ONR-155 and ONR-179.

Huybers K, Roe GH.  2009.  Spatial Patterns of Glaciers in Response to Spatial Patterns in Regional Climate. Journal of Climate. 22:4606-4620. Abstract

Iddings JP.  1919.  Biographical memoir of Arnold Hague, 1840-1917. Biographical Memoirs. 9

Irvin P.  1986.  Modeling North Cascades Annual Runoff Distribution Using Drainage-Basin Elevation Distribution. Water Resources Bulletin. 22:597-599.

Isard SA.  1983.  Estimating Potential Direct Insolation to Alpine Terrain. Arctic and Alpine Research. 15:77-89. Abstract

Ives RL.  1935.  Some past and present glaciers of Colorado. Rocks and Minerals. 10:129-137.

Ives RL.  1951.  Modern Glaciers of the Arapaho Massif. The Scientific Monthly. 73:25-36.

Jackson KM, Fountain AG.  2007.  Spatial and morphological change on Eliot Glacier, Mount Hood, Oregon, USA. Annals of Glaciology. 46:222-226.

Jacob M.  1994.  Comments on "Debris-Covered Glaciers in the Sierra Nevada, California, and Their Implications for Snowline Reconstruction," by D. H. Clark, M. M. Clark, and A. R. Gillespie. Quaternary Research. 42:356-358.

Jaggar TA.  1900.  The Absaroka Range of the Rocky Mountains. American Naturalist. 34:156-159.

James LA.  1995.  Diversion of the upper Bear River: Glacial diffluence and Quaternary erosion, Sierra Nevada, California. Geomorphology. 14:131-148.

James LA, Harbor J, Fabel D, Dahms D, Elmore D.  2002.  Late Pleistocene glaciations in the northeastern Sierra Nevada, California. Quarternary Research. 57:409-419.

Janke J, Frauenfeldeler R.  2008.  The relationship between rock glacier and contributing area parameters in the Front Range of Colorado. Journal of Quaternary Science. 23:153-163. Abstract

Janke JR.  2001.  Rock glacier mapping; a method utilizing enhanced TM data and GIS modeling techniques. Geocarto International. 16:5-15.

Jefferson A, Nolin A, Lewis S, Tague C.  2008.  Hydrogeologic controls on streamflow sensitivity to climate variation. Hydrological Processes. 22:4371-4385. Abstract

Jensen FS, Varnes HD.  1964.  Geology of the Fort Peck Area, Garfield, McCone and Valley Counties, Montana.

Jenson JW, Bevis KA, Clark PU, Starnes PK.  1992.  Mass balance of Collier Glacier, Oregon Cascades. Geological Society of America. 24:35.

Jillson WR.  1917.  The Volcanic Activity of Mount St. Helens and Mount Hood in Historical Time. Geographical Review. 3:481-485.

Johnson A.  1960.  Variations in Surface Elevation of the Nisqually Glacier, Mt. Rainier, Washington. Hydrological Sciences Journal. 5:54-60.

Johnson A.  1980.  Grinnell and Sperry Glaciers, Glacier National Park, Montana: A Record of Vanishing Ice. USGS Professional Paper. 1180:29.

Johnson BG, Thackray GD, Van Kirk R.  2007.  The effect of topography, latitude, and lithology on rock glacier distribution in the Lemhi Range, central Idaho, USA. Geomorphology. 91:38. Abstract

Johnson JH.  1968.  Steady profile of a finite-amplitude kinematic wave on a glacier. Journal of Glaciology. 7:117-119.

Jumpponen A, Trappe JM, Cázares E.  2002.  Occurrence of ectomycorrhizal fungi on the forefront of retreating Lyman Glacier (Washington, USA) in relation to time since deglaciation. Mycorrhiza. 12:43-9. Abstract

Kamb WB.  1959.  Ice Fabrics on Blue Glacier. ICY Bulletin. 34:10-11.

Kamb WB.  1959.  Ice Petrofabric Observations from the Blue Glacier, Washington, in Relation to Theory and Experiment. Journal of Geophysical Research. 64:1898-1909.

Kamb WB, LaChapelle E.  1964.  Direct observation of the mechanism of glacier sliding over bedrock. Journal of Glaciology. 5:159-172.

Kamb WB.  1961.  Ice Petrofabric Observations from the Blue Glacier, Mt. Olympus, Washington. 54:546.

Kane P.  1982.  Pleistocene glaciation - Lassen Volcanic National Park. California Geology. 35:95-105.

Karlstrom ET.  1999.  Evidence for Coalescence of Laurentide and Rocky Mountain Glaciers East of Glacier National Park, Montana. Physical Geography. 20:225-239.

Karlstrom ET.  2000.  Use of Soils to Identify Glacial Deposits of Various Ages East of Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 32:179-188. Abstract

Kasser P.  1967.  Fluctuations of glaciers, 1959-1965: a contribution to the International Hydrological Decade.

Kautz AV.  1875.  Ascent of Mount Rainier. The Overland Monthly. 14:393-403.

Kehrlein O.  1948.  California's Frozen Water Supply. Pacific Discovery. 1:18-25.

Kehrlein O.  1950.  Death Comes to a Glacier. Pacific Discovery. 3:8-18.

Kehrlein O.  1960.  Glaciers of the Sierra Nevada. Glaciological Notes. Supplement A:A7.

Kimball JP.  1899.  The Granites of Carbon County, Montana: A Division and Glacier Field of the Snowy Range. Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York. 31:199-216.

King C.  1871.  Active glaciers within the United States.

King C.  1871.  Active Glaciers within the United States. Atlantic Monthly. 27:371-377.

King C.  1871.  On the discovery of actual glaciers in the mountains of the pacific slope. American Journal of Science and Arts. 1:157-167.

Kiver EP.  1974.  Holocene glaciation in the Wallowa Mountains, Oregon. Geographical Monographs.

Knoll KM.  1977.  Chronology of alpine glacier stillstands, east-central Lemhi Range, Idaho.

Konrad SK.  1998.  Possible Outburst Floods from Debris-Covered Glaciers in the Sierra Nevada, California. Geografiska Annaler. Series A: Physical Geography. 80:183-192. Abstract

Konrad SK, Clark DH.  1998.  Evidence for an Early Neoglacial Glacier Advance from Rock Glaciers and Lake Sediments in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Arctic and Alpine Research. 30:272.

Konrad SK, Humphrey NF.  2000.  Steady-state flow model of debris-covered glaciers (rock glaciers). Debris-covered Glaciers. 264:255-263. Abstract

Konrad SK, Humphrey NF, Steig EJ, Clark DH, Potter N, Pfeifer WT.  1999.  Rock glacier dynamics and paleoclimatic implications. Geology. 27:1131-1134.

Kovanen DJ.  2003.  Decadal Variability in Climate and Glacier Fluctuations on Mt Baker, Washington, USA. Geografiska Annaler. Series A: Physical Geography. 85:43-55. Abstract

Kovanen DJ, Easterbrook DJ.  2001.  Late Pleistocene, post-Vashon, alpine glaciation of the Nooksack drainage, North Cascades, Washington. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 113:274-288. Abstract

Kovanen DJ, Slaymaker O.  2005.  Fluctuations of the Deming Glacier and theoretical equilibrium line altitudes during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene on Mount Baker, Washington, USA. Boreas. 34:157-175. Abstract

Krabbenhoft DP, Schuster PF.  2002.  Glacial ice cores reveal a record of natural and anthropogenic atmospheric mercury deposition for the last 270 years. USGS Fact Sheet. 051-02

Kramer FL.  1962.  Rivers of Stone. Pacific Discovery. 15:11-15.

LaChapelle E.  1958.  Winter Snow Observations on Mt. Olympus (Preliminary Report). IGY Glaciological Report Series, No. 1, p. VIII-1 - VIII-5.

LaChapelle E.  1959.  Annual mass and energy exchange on the Blue Glacier, Mount Olympus (Washington). Journal of Geophysical Research. 64:585.

LaChapelle E.  1960.  Recent Glacier Variations in Western Washington. Journal of Geophysical Research. 65:2505.

LaChapelle E.  1960.  The Blue Glacier project 1959 and 1960: final report.

LaChapelle E.  1961.  Blue Glacier Project: Progress Report for 1961 Field Season.

LaChapelle E.  1963.  A Simple Thermal Ice Drill. Journal of Glaciology. 4:637-642.

LaChapelle E.  1964.  Long-Term Ice Flow Study (Blue Glacier, Mt. Olympus, Washington). Journal of Glaciology. 5:130-131.

LaChapelle E.  1965.  The mass budget of Blue Glacier, Washington. Journal of Glaciology. 5:609-623.

LaChapelle E.  1968.  Stress-generated ice crystals in a nearly isothermal two-phase system. Journal of Glaciology. 7:183-198.

LaChapelle E.  1960.  Energy Exchange Measurements on the Blue Glacier, Washington. General Assembly Internationlal Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Commission of Snow and Ice. 54:302-310.

LaMarche JVC.  1965.  Distribution of Pleistocene glaciers in the White Mountains of California and Nevada. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 525-C:C146-C147.

Lawrence DB.  1948.  Mount Hood's latest eruption and glacier advances. Mazama. 30:22-29.

Lawrence DB, Lawrence EG.  1959.  Radiocarbon Dating of Some Events on Mount Hood and Mount St. Helens. Mazama. 40:10-18.

Lawson AC.  1933.  The Geology of Middle California. Middle California and Western Nevada. 1:1-12.

Lecce SA.  1993.  Flow Separation and Diurnal Variability in the Hydrology of Conness Glacier, Sierra-Nevada, California, USA. Journal of Glaciology. 39:216-222.

Lee CM, Benedict, J.B., Lee JB.  2006.  Ice patches and remnant glaciers: Paleontological discoveries and archeological possibilities in the Colorado high country. Southwestern Lore Journal of Colorado Archaeology. 72:26-43.

Lee WT.  1900.  The glacier of Mount Arapahoe, Colorado. Journal of Geology. 8:647-654.

Lemons DR, Milligan MR, Chan MA.  1996.  Paleoclimatic implications of late Pleistocene sediment yield rates for the Bonneville Basin, northern Utah. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 123:147.

Leonard EM.  1984.  Late Pleistocene Equilibrium-Line Altitudes and Modern Snow Accumulation Patterns, San Juan Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research. 16:65-76. Abstract

Leonard EM.  1989.  Climatic Change in the Colorado Rocky Mountains: Estimates Based on Modern Climate at Late Pleistocene Equilibrium Lines. Arctic and Alpine Research. 21:245-255. Abstract

Leopold M, Williams MW, Caine N, Völkel J, Dethier D.  2011.  Internal structure of the Green Lake 5 Rock Glacier, Colorado Front Range, USA. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. 22:107-119. Abstract

Licciardi JM, Clark PU, Brook EJ, Elmore D, Sharma P.  2004.  Variable responses of western US glaciers during the last deglaciation. Geology. 32:81-84. Abstract

Licciardi JM, Clark PU, Brook EJ, Pierce KL, Kurz MD, Elmore D, Sharma P.  2001.  Cosmogenic 3^He and 1^0^Be chronologies of the late Pinedale northern Yellowstone ice cap, Montana, USA. Geology. 29:1095-1098.

Lillquist KD.  1988.  Holocene fluctuations of the Coe Glacier, Mount Hood, Oregon. Geology. MS

Lillquist KD.  1988.  Recent moraines of the Coe Glacier, Mount Hood, Oregon. Proceedings of the Oregon Academy of Science. 24:49.

Lipman PW, Moore JG, Swanson DA.  1981.  The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington. Bulging of the north flank before the May 18 eruption - geodetic data. US Geological Survey Professional Paper. 1250:143-155.

Locke WW.  1989.  Present climate and glaciation of western Montana, USA. Journal of Arctic and Alpine Research. 21:234-244.

Locke WW.  1990.  Late Pleistocene Glaciers and the Climate of Western Montana, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research. 22:1-13. Abstract

Lockwood JA, Debrey LD, Thompson CD, Love CM, Nunamaker RA, Shaw SR, Schell SP, Bomar CR.  1994.  Preserved insect fauna of glaciers of Fremont County in Wyoming - insights into the ecology of the extinct Rocky-Mountain Locust. Environmental Entomology. 23:220-235. Abstract

Lockwood JA, Nunamaker RA, Pfadt RE, Debrey LD.  1990.  Grasshopper Glacier: Characterization of a vanishing biological resource. American Entomologist. 36:18-27. Abstract

Lockwood JA, Nunamaker RA, Pfadt RE, Love CM, Thompson CD, Debrey LD.  1991.  Preserved grasshopper fauna of Knife Point Glacier, Fremont County, Wyoming, USA. Journal of Arctic and Alpine Research. 23:108-114.

Long WA.  1953.  Recession of Easton and Deming Glaciers. The Scientific Monthly. 76:241-247.

Long WA.  1964.  Ancient Cirques and Modern Glaciers in the North Cascades. Summit. 10:2-7.

Long WA.  1967.  Comparative Glacier Photographs from Cascade Pass. Northwest Science. 41:54.

Lopez T.  2000.  Idaho, a climbing guide : climbs, scrambles, and hikes.

Loranger TJ, Brakke DF.  1988.  The Extent of Snowpack Influence on Water Chemistry in a North Cascades Lake. Water Resources Research. 24:723-726.

Loranger TJ, Brakke DF, Bonoff MB, Gall BF.  1986.  Temporal Variability of Lake Waters in the North Cascade Mountains (Washington, USA). Water Air and Soil Pollution. 31:123-129.

Love JD, Love JM.  1988.  Geologic road log of part of the Gros Ventre River Valley including the lower Gros Ventre slide.

Love JD, Reed JC.  1971.  Creation of the Teton landscape: the geologic story of Grand Teton National Park.

Lowell TV.  2000.  As Climate Changes, So Do Glaciers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 97:1351-1354. Abstract

Lund EH.  1977.  Geology and hydrology of the Lost Creek glacial trough. Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, United States, The Ore Bin. 39:16.

Lundstrom SC.  1992.  The budget and effect of superglacial debris on Eliot Glacier, Mount Hood, Oregon. Geology. PhD

Lundstrom SC, McCafferty AE, Coe JA.  1993.  Photogrammetric analysis of 1984-89 surface altitude change of the partially debris-covered Eliot Glacier, Mount Hood, Oregon, USA. Annals of Glaciology. 17:167-170.

MacGregor KR, Riihimaki CA, Myrbo A, Shapley MD, Jankowski K.  2011.  Geomorphic and climatic change over the past 12,900 yr at Swiftcurrent Lake, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Quaternary Research. 75:80-90. Abstract

Madole RF.  1976.  Glacial geology of the Front Range, Colorado. Quaternary stratigraphy of North America. 1:297–318.

Madsen DB, Rhode D, Grayson DK, Broughton JM, Livingston SD, Hunt J, Quade J, Schmitt DN, Shaver IIIMW.  2001.  Late Quaternary environmental change in the Bonneville Basin, Western USA. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology. 167:3-4. Abstract

Mahaney WC.  1982.  Drainage of an ice-marginal lake, Twins Glacier, Wyoming, U.S.A. Journal of Glaciology. 28:503-504. Abstract

Mahaney WC.  1984.  Indian Basin advance in western and north-central Wyoming.

Mahaney WC.  1995.  Pleistocene and Holocene glacier thicknesses, transport histories and dynamics inferred from SEM microtextures on quartz particles. Boreas. 24:293.

Mahaney WC, Spence JR.  1990.  Neoglacial chronology and floristics in the middle Teton area, central Teton Range, western Wyoming. Journal of Quaternary Science. 5:53-66.

Marchetti DW, Cerling TE, Dohrenwend JC, Gallin W.  2007.  Ages and significance of glacial and mass movement deposits on the west side of Boulder Mountain, Utah, USA. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology. 252:503-513. Abstract

Marchetti DW, Harris MS, Bailey CM, Cerling TE, Bergman S.  2011.  Timing of glaciation and last glacial maximum paleoclimate estimates from the Fish Lake Plateau, Utah. Quaternary Research. 75:183-195. Abstract

Marcott SA.  2005.  A tale of Three Sisters: reconstructing the Holocene glacial history and paleoclimate record at Three Sisters Volcanoes, Oregon, United States. Geology. MS

Marcus MG, Marcus AW.  1983.  Deglaciation and early Holocene history of the Lake Emma cirque basin, San Juan Mountains, Colorado. Late- and postglacial oscillations of glaciers; glacial and periglacial forms; colloquium. Trier DEU Federal Republic of Germany.

Marshall EA.  1930.  Measuring rate of glacial flow on Mount Hood in Oregon.

Marston RA.  1991.  Recent glacier changes in the Wind River Range, Wyoming.

Martin HE, Whalley WB.  1987.  Rock glaciers; Part I, Rock glacier morphology; classification and distribution. Progress in Physical Geography. 11:260-282.

Mason RS.  1954.  Recent survey of Coe and Eliot Glaciers [Oregon]. Mazama. 36:37-39.

Matthes FE.  1920.  Mt. Rainier National Park.

Matthes FE.  1930.  Geologic history of the Yosemite valley.

Matthes FE.  1940.  Report of the Committee on Glaciers, 1939-40. Transactions American Geophysical Union. 1:396-406.

Matthes FE.  1942.  Report of Committee on Glaciers, 1941-1942. American Geophysical Union Transactions. 23:374-392.

Matthes FE.  1942.  Section of Hydrology: Report of Commission on Glaciers. Transactions American Geophysical Union. 23:374-392.

Matthes FE.  1960.  Reconnaissance of the geomorphology and glacial geology of the San Joaquin Basin, Sierra Nevada, California.

Matthes FE, Fryxell F.  1950.  The incomparable valley: a geologic interpretation of the Yosemite.

Matthes FE, Fryxell F.  1962.  François Matthes and the marks of time; Yosemite and the High Sierra.

Matthes FE, Fryxell F.  1965.  Glacial reconnaissance of Sequoia National Park California; characteristics and distribution of the ancient glaciers in the most southerly national park of the Sierra Nevada.

Mattick RE, McKay EJ, Granger HC.  1969.  Mineral Resources of the Glacier Primitive Area, Wyoming.

McDonald GD.  1995.  Changes in mass of Collier Glacier, Oregon, 1910-1994. Geology. MS Abstract

McIntyre RN.  1949.  Report of Glacier Studies in Yosemite National Park.

McNeil FH.  1937.  Wy'east, "The mountain"; a chronicle of mount Hood known to the Indians, who worshipped it, as Wy'east; to the white man, with equal eloquence, simply as "The mountain".

Meany ES.  1916.  Mount Rainier, a record of exploration.

Mears B.  1972.  Wyoming's glaciers, past and present.

Meier MF.  1951.  Glaciers of the Gannett Peak-Fremont Peak area, Wyoming. Geoscience. MS

Meier MF.  1961.  Distribution and variations of glaciers in the United States exclusive of Alaska. International Association of Scientific Hydrology. 54:420-429. Abstract

Meier MF.  1961.  Mass Budget of South Cascade Glacier, 1957-1960. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 424-B:206-211.

Meier MF.  1963.  The Glaciers of Mount Rainier: I.U.G.G. glacier study tour, Sept. 2-5, 1963.

Meier MF.  1964.  The Recent history of advance-retreat and net budget of South Cascade Glacier. Transactions American Geophysical Union. 45:608.

Meier MF.  1965.  Field Work, USA: U. S. Geological Survey, Tacoma, Washington. Ice.

Meier MF.  1966.  Some Glaciological Interpretations of Remapping Programs on South Cascade, Nisqually, and Klawatti Glaciers, Washington. Canadian Journal of Earth Science. 3:811-818.

Meier MF.  1966.  Summary of 1966 Field Work. Ice. 22:7-8.

Meier MF.  1967.  Summary of 1967 Field Work. Ice. 22:5-6.

Meier MF.  1971.  Combined ice and water Balances of Gulkana and Wolverine glaciers, Alaska, and South Cascade glacier, Washington, 1965 and 1966 Hydrologic Year. USGS Professional Paper. 715-A:23.

Meier MF, Alexander RH, Campbell WJ.  1966.  Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, April 12-14, 1966.

Meier MF, Johnson JN.  1962.  The kinematic wave on Nisqually glacier, Washington. Journal of Geophysical Research. 67:886.

Meier MF, Post AS.  1962.  Recent variations in mass net budgets of glaciers in western North America. International Association of Scientific Hydrology Publications. 58:63-77.

Meier MF, Tangborn WV.  1961.  Distinctive Characteristics of Glacier Runoff. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 424-B:14-16.

Meier MF, Tangborn WV.  1965.  Net budget and flow of South Cascade Glacier, Washington. Journal of Glaciology. 5:547-566. Abstract

Meierding TC.  1982.  Late Pleistocene glacial equilibrium-line altitudes in the Colorado Front Range: a comparison of methods. Quaternary Research. 18:289-310.

Mennis JL, Fountain AG.  2001.  A spatio-temporal GIS database for monitoring alpine glacier change. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 67:967-975.

Menounos B, Reasoner M.  1997.  Evidence for Cirque Glaciation in the Colorado Front Range during the Younger Dryas Chronozone. Quaternary Research. 48:38. Abstract

Michel RL, Naftz DL.  1995.  Use of sulfur-35 and tritium to study runoff from an alpine glacier, Wind River Range, Wyoming. IAHS publication. 228:441.

Mijal B.  2008.  Holocene and latest Pleistocene glaciation in the Sawtooth Mountains, central Idaho. MS

Miller CD.  1973.  Chronology of Neoglacial Deposits in the Northern Sawatch Range, Colorado. Arctic and Alpine Research. 5:385-400. Abstract

Miller JMG.  1985.  Glacial and syntectonic sedimentation: upper Proterozoic Kingston Peak Formation, southern Panamint Range, eastern California. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 96:1537-1553. Abstract

Miller MM.  1949.  Glacier survey in the Tetons, 1947. The American Alpine Journal. 7:172-173.

Mills EA.  1905.  The Story of Estes Park and a Guide Book.

Mills HH.  1979.  Some implications of sediment studies for glacial erosion on Mount Rainier, Washington. Northwest Science. 53:190-199.

Minervini JM, O'Connor JE, Wells RE.  2003.  Maps showing inundation depths, ice-rafted erratics, and sedimentary facies of late Pleistocene Missoula floods in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. USGS Open File Report. 03-408

Molitor BR, Clark DH.  2002.  Extent and climatic implications of the upper truckee glacier during the Tahoe glaciation; assessing conflicting scenarios. Geological Society of America. 34:79.

Montgomery DR.  2002.  Valley formation by fluvial and glacial erosion. Geology. 30:1047-1050.

Moon S, Chamberlain CP, Blisniuk K, Levine N, Rood DH, Hilley GE.  2011.  Climatic control of denudation in the deglaciated landscape of the Washington Cascades. Nature Geoscience. 4:469-473. Abstract

Morris SE.  1981.  Topoclimatic Factors and the Development of Rock Glacier Facies, Sangre de Cristo Mountains, Southern Colorado. Arctic and Alpine Research. 13:329-338. Abstract

Moss JH, Bonini WE.  1961.  Seismic evidence supporting a new interpretation of the Cody terrace near Cody, Wyoming. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 72:547-556.

Mote PW.  2006.  Climate-driven variability and trends in mountain snowpack in western North America. Journal of Climate. 19:6209-6220. Abstract

Mote PW, Hamlet A, Salathe E.  2008.  Has spring snowpack declined in the Washington Cascades? Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 12:193-206. Abstract

Mountain KM.  1984.  Collier Glacier: a rethink of its history and comments on its climatic status since 1975. Mazama. 66:34-37.

Muhs DR, Aleinikoff JN, Stafford JTW, Kihl R, Been J, Mahan SA, Cowherd S.  1999.  Paleoclimatology - Late Quaternary loess in northeastern Colorado: Part I -- Age and paleoclimatic significance. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 111:1861.

Muir J.  1873.  On Actual Glaciers in California. American Journal of Science and Arts. 5:69-71.

Mundorff MJ.  1984.  Glaciation in the lower Lewis River basin, southwestern Cascade Range, Washington. Northwest Science. 58:269-281.

Munroe JS.  2002.  Timing of postglacial cirque reoccupation in the northern Uinta Mountains, northeastern Utah, USA. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research. 34:38-48.

Munroe JS, Mickelson DM.  2002.  Last Glacial Maximum equilibrium-line altitude and paleoclimate North Uinta Mountains, Utah. Journal of Glaciology. 48:257-266. Abstract

Murray DR, Locke WW.  1989.  Dynamics of the late Pleistocene Big Timber glacier, Crazy Mountains, Montana, USA. Journal of Glaciology. 35:183-190.

Mutel CF.  1976.  From grassland to glacier: an ecology of Boulder County, Colorado.

Naftz DL.  1993.  Ice-core records of the chemical quality of atmospheric deposition and climate from mid-latitude glaciers, Wind River Range, Wyoming. PhD

Naftz DL, Klusman RW, Michel RL, Schuster PF, Reddy MM, Taylor HE, Yanosky TM, McConnaughey EA.  1996.  Little Ice Age Evidence from a South-Central North American Ice Core, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research. 28:35-41. Abstract

Naftz DL, Miller KA, See RB.  1991.  Using glacial ice cores from Wyoming as long-term records of atmospheric deposition quality and climate change; a progress report. Hydata News and Views. 10:23-24.

Naftz DL, Rice JA, Ranville JR.  1991.  Glacial ice composition; a potential long-term record of the chemistry of atmospheric deposition, Wind River Range, Wyoming. Water Resources Research. 27:1231-1238.

Naftz DL, Schuster PF, Reddy MM.  1994.  Assessment of spatial variability of major-ion concentrations and del oxygen-18 values in surface snow, Upper Fremont Glacier, Wyoming, USA. Nordic Hydrology. 25:371-388. Abstract

Naftz DL, Smith ME.  1993.  Ice thickness, ablation, and other glaciological measurements on upper Fremont Glacier, Wyoming. Physical Geography. 14:404-414.

Naftz DL, Susong DD, Schuster PF, Cecil LD, Dettinger MD, Michel RL, Kendall C.  2002.  Ice core evidence of rapid air temperature increases since 1960 in alpine areas of the Wind River Range, Wyoming, United States. Journal of Geophysical Research. 107:ACL3.

Naylor S, Gabet EJ.  2007.  Valley asymmetry and glacial versus nonglacial erosion in the Bitterroot Range, Montana, USA. Geology. 35:375-378. Abstract

Nelson AR, Shroba RR.  1998.  Soil Relative Dating of Moraine and Outwash-Terrace Sequences in the Northern Part of the Upper Arkansas Valley, Central Colorado, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research. 30:349-361. Abstract

Nelson LA.  1924.  A new glacier on Mt. Hood. Mazama. 6:67-70.

Neuendorf KKE, Mehl JP, Jackson JA.  2005.  Glossary of geology.

Nicholas JW.  1994.  Frabric analysis of rock glacier debris rock mantles, La Sal Mountains, Utah. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. 5:53-66. Abstract

Nicholas JW, Butler DR.  1996.  Applications of relative-age dating techniques on rock glaciers of the La Sal Mountains, Utah: an interpretation of Holocene paleoclimates. Geografiska Annaler. 78:1-18.

Nicholas JW, Garcia JE.  1997.  Origin of Fossil Rock Glaciers, La Sal Mountains, Utah. Physical Geography. 18:159-160.

Nolf B.  1966.  Broken Top breaks; flood released by erosion of glacial moraine. Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, United States, The Ore Bin. 28:182-188.

Nolin AW, Phillippe J, Jefferson A, Lewis SL.  2010.  Present-day and future contributions of glacier runoff to summertime flows in a Pacific Northwest watershed: Implications for water resources. Water Resources Research. 46:14. Abstract

Nye JF.  1960.  The Response of Glaciers and Ice-Sheets to Seasonal and Climatic Changes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 256:559-584. Abstract

Nye JF.  1963.  On the Theory of the Advance and Retreat of Glaciers. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society. 7:431-456.

Nylen TH.  2004.  Spatial and temporal variations of glaciers (1913-1994) on Mt. Rainier and the relation with climate. M.S.

Ober MJ.  2004.  Icy Reconnaissance: The Discovery of Pumpelly Glacier. Montana: The Magazine of Western History. 54:58-66.

O'Connor JE, Hardison JH, Costa JE.  2001.  Debris flows from failures of Neoglacial-age moraine dams in the Three Sisters and Mount Jefferson Wilderness areas, Oregon. U.S. Geological Survey professional paper, 1606.

Osborn G.  1989.  Glacial deposits and tephra in the Toiyabe Range, Nevada, USA. Arctic and Alpine Research. 21:256-267.

Osborn G, Bevis K.  2001.  Glaciation in the Great Basin of the Western United States. Quaternary Science Reviews. 20:1377-1410.

Osborn G, Gerloff L.  1997.  Latest Pleistocene and Early Holocene Fluctuations of Glaciers in the Canadian and Northern American Rockies. Quaternary International : The Journal of the International Union for Quaternary Research. 38/39:7.

Oster DM, Wimer RD.  1974.  Transverse ridges and debris flows on Collier Glacier, Oregon. Proceedings of the Oregon Academy of Science. 10:64.

Otto BR.  1976.  Description of an active alpine glacier, Lost River Range, Idaho.

Otto BR.  1977.  An active alpine glacier, Lost River Range, Idaho. Northwest Geology. 6:85-87.

Oviatt CG, McCoy WD.  1992.  Early Wisconsin lakes and glaciers in the Great Basin, U.S.A.. Geological Society of America Special Paper. 270:279-287.

Pardee JT.  1942.  Unusual currents in glacial Lake Missoula, Montana. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 53:1569-1599.

Park MRN.  1960.  Glacier Studies, Mount Rainier National Park 1960 (unpublished report).

Park MRN.  1961.  Glacier Studies, Mount Rainier National Park 1961 (unpublished report).

Park MRN.  1963.  Glacier Studies, Mount Rainier National Park 1963 (unpublished report).

Parson CG.  1987.  Rock glaciers and site characteristics of the Blanca Massif, Colorado, USA. Rock Glaciers.

Parsons WH.  1939.  Glacial Geology of the Sunlight Area Park County, Wyoming. The Journal of Geology. 47:737-747. Abstract

Pazzaglia FJ, Brandon MT.  2001.  A fluvial record of long-term steady-state uplift and erosion across the Cascadia forearc high, western Washington State. The American Journal of Science. 301:385.

Pearce SM.  1988.  Glacial and surficial geology of the Upper Big Wood River drainage system, Blaine County, Idaho. M.S.

Pelto MS.  1988.  The annual balance of North Cascade glaciers, Washington, USA, measured and predicted using an activity-index method. Journal of Glaciology. 34:194-199.

Pelto MS.  1990.  Annual balance and climatic sensitivity of North Cascade, Washington glaciers. Annual Meeting of the Eastern Snow Conference (47th). Abstract

Pelto MS.  1990.  Annual balance of North Cascade, Washington glaciers predicted from climatic records. Annual Meeting of the Eastern Snow Conference (47th). Abstract

Pelto MS.  1996.  Changes in glacier and alpine runoff in the north Cascade range, Washington, USA 1985-1993. Hydrological Processes. 10:1173-1180. Abstract

Pelto MS.  2000.  2 Mass and Energy Balance - Mass balance of adjacent debris-covered and clean glacier ice in the North Cascades, Washington. IAHS publication. 264:35.

Pelto MS.  2006.  The current disequilibrium of North Cascade glaciers. 20:769-779. Abstract

Pelto MS.  2008.  Glacier annual balance measurement, forecasting and climate correlations, North Cascades, Washington 1984-2006. Cryosphere. 2:13-21. Abstract

Pelto MS.  2008.  Impact of climate change on north cascade alpine glaciers, and alpine runoff. Northwest Science. 82:65-75. Abstract

Pelto MS.  2010.  Forecasting temperate alpine glacier survival from accumulation zone observations. Cryosphere. 4:67-75. Abstract

Pelto MS.  2011.  Methods for assessing and forecasting the survival of North Cascade, Washington glaciers. Quaternary International. 235:70-76. Abstract

Pelto MS, Hartzell P.  2004.  Change in longitudinal profile on three North Cascades glaciers during the last 100 years. 18:1139-1146. Abstract

Pelto MS, Riedel J.  2001.  Spatial and temporal variations in annual balance of North Cascade glaciers, Washington 1984-2000. Hydrologic Processes. 15:3461-3472. Abstract

Phillips FM, Kubik PW, Sharma P, Zreda MG, Smith SS, Elmore D.  1990.  Cosmogenic chlorine-36 chronology for glacial deposits at Bloody Canyon, eastern Sierra Nevada. Science. 248:1529-1532.

Phillips FM, Plummer MA.  2001.  Correlation of Sierra Nevada continental and Pacific marine paleoclimate records over the last glacial cycle. Geological Society of America. 33:441.

Phillips FM, Zreda MG, Benson LV, Plumer MA, Elmore D, Sharma P.  1996.  Chronology for Fluctuations in Late Pleistocene Sierra Nevada Glaciers and Lakes. Science. 274:749.

Phillips KN.  1935.  Recent changes in Hood's glaciers. Mazama. 17:45-50.

Phillips KN.  1938.  Our vanishing glaciers; observations by Mazama research committee on glaciers of the Cascade Range in Oregon. Mazama. 20:24-41.

Phillips KN.  1939.  Farewell to Sholes Glacier. Mazama. 21:37-40.

Pierce KL, Muhs DR, Fosberg MA, Mahan SA, Rosenbaum JG, Licciardi JM, Pavich MJ.  2011.  A loess-paleosol record of climate and glacial history over the past two glacial-interglacial cycles (similar to 150 ka), southern Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Quaternary Research. 76:119-141. Abstract

Pierce KL, Obradovich JD, Friedman I.  1976.  Obsidian hydration dating and correlation of Bull Lake and Pinedale glaciations near West Yellowstone, Montana. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 87:703-710.

Pochop LO.  1989.  Long-term trends in glacier and snowmelt runoff, Wind River Range, Wyoming.

Pochop LO.  1990.  Glacial icemelt in the Wind River Range, Wyoming.

Porter SC.  1964.  Composite Pleistocene Snow Line of Olympic Mountains and Cascade Range. Geologic Society of America Bulletin. 75:477-481.

Porter SC, Denton GH.  1967.  Chronology of Neoglaciation in the North American Cordillera. American Journal of Science. 265:177-210.

Porter SC, Pierce KL, Hamilton TD.  1983.  Late Wisconsin Mountain Glaciation in the Western United States. Late-Quaternary environments of the United States. 1:71-111.

Potter JN.  1968.  Galena Creek rock glacier, northern Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming. Geological Society of America Special Paper.

Potter JN.  1969.  Rock glaciers and mass-wastage in the Galena Creek area, northern Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming. Ph.D.

Potter JN.  1972.  Ice-Cored Rock Glacier, Galena Creek, Northern Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 83:3025-3058.

Potter JN.  1974.  Snow avalanches and rock glaciers, Sunlight Mining Region, northern Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming. Rock mechanics, the American Northwest. 1:51-55.

Potter JN, Steig EJ, Clark DH, Speece MA, Clark GM, Updike AB.  1998.  Galena Creek Rock Glacier Revisited: New Observations on an Old Controversy. Geografiska Annaler. Series A: Physical Geography. 80:251-265. Abstract

Powell JW.  1885.  Fifth annual report of the United States Geological Survey to the Secretary of the Interior 1883-'84.

Powers HA, Wilcox RE.  1964.  Volcanic Ash from Mount Mazama (Crater Lake) and from Glacier Peak. Science. 144:1334-1336.

Price SF, Walder JS.  2007.  Modeling the Dynamic Response of a Crater Glacier to Lava-Dome Emplacement: Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA. Glaciology. 45:21-28.

Pringle PT.  2002.  Roadside Geology of Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument and Vicinity. :124.

Rahn P, Ray C, Rahn M.  2006.  The Last Glacier in the Big Horn. The Professional Geologist. 43:43-46.

Rantz SE.  1963.  Snowmelt Hydrology of the North Yuba River Basin, California. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 475C:191-193.

Rasmussen LA.  2009.  South Cascade Glacier mass balance, 1935-2006. Annals of Glaciology. 50:215-220. Abstract

Rasmussen LA, Conway H.  2001.  Estimating South Cascade Glacier (Washington, U.S.A.) mass balance from a distant radiosonde and comparison with Blue Glacier. The Journal of Glaciology. 47:579.

Raub W, Post A, Brown CS, Meier MF.  1980.  Perennial ice masses of the Sierra Nevada, California. World glacier inventory. 126

Raub W, Brown CS, Post A.  2006.  Inventory of Glaciers in the Sierra Nevada, California. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2006-1239. :232p.

Reasoner M, Jodry MA.  2000.  Rapid response of alpine timberline vegetation to the Younger Dryas climate oscillation in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA. Geology. 28:51.

Reasoner M, Thompson D, Osborn G.  2001.  Evaluation of proposed early-Holocene advances of alpine glaciers in the North Cascade Range, Washington State, USA: constraints provided by palaeo-environmental reconstructions. The Holocene. 11:607-611. Abstract

Reed JC.  1964.  Recent retreat of the Teton Glacier, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Papers. 501C:C147-C151.

Reed JC.  1967.  Observations on the Teton Glacier, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, 1965 and 1966. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Papers. 575C:C154-C159.

Reed JJ.  1965.  Rate of Ice Movement and Estimated Ice Thickness in Part of the Teton Glacier, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 525B:B137-B141.

Refsnider KA, Brugger KA.  2007.  Rock glaciers in central Colorado, USA, as indicators of Holocene climate change. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research. 39:127-136. Abstract

Refsnider KA, Brugger KA, Leonard EM, McCalpin JP, Armstrong PP.  2009.  Last Glacial Maximum equilibrium-line altitude trends and precipitation patterns in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, southern Colorado, USA. Boreas. 38:663-678. Abstract

Refsnider KA, Laabs BJC, Plummer MA, Mickelson DM, Singer BS, Caffee MW.  2008.  Last glacial maximum climate inferences from cosmogenic dating and glacier modeling of the western Uinta ice field, Uinta Mountains, Utah. Quaternary Research. 69:130-144. Abstract

Reheis MJ.  1974.  Source, transportation, and deposition of debris on Arapaho Glacier, Front Range, Colorado. M.S.

Reid HF.  1903.  Notes on Mounts Hood and Adams and their glaciers. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 13:536.

Reid HF.  1905.  The glaciers of Mt. Hood and Mt. Adams. Mazama. 2:194-200.

Reid HF.  1906.  Studies of the glaciers of Mount Hood and Mount Adams.

Reuss JO, Vertucci FA, Musselman RC, Sommerfeld RA.  1995.  Chemical fluxes and sensitivity to acidification of two high-elevation catchments in southern Wyoming. Journal of Hydrology. 173:165-189.

Richmond GM.  1986.  Stratigraphy and correlation of glacial deposits of the Rocky Mountains, the Colorado Plateau and the ranges of the Great Basin. Quaternary Science Reviews. 5:99-127.

Riedel JL, Haugerud RA, Clague JJ.  2007.  Geomorphology of a Cordilleran Ice Sheet drainage network through breached divides in the North Cascades Mountains of Washington and British Columbia. Geomorphology. 91:1-18. Abstract

Rigby JG.  1981.  Bibliographies of the geology and volcanic hazards of the Cascade Range volcanoes of Washington and Mount Hood, Oregon.

Rigsby GP.  1951.  Crystal Fabric Studies on Emmons Glacier Mount Rainier, Washington. The Journal of Geology. 59:590-598. Abstract

Roe GH, O'Neal MA.  2009.  The response of glaciers to intrinsic climate variability: observations and models of late-Holocene variations in the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Glaciology. 55:839-854. Abstract

Russell IC.  1885.  Existing glaciers of the United States. USGS Annual Report. 5:303-355.

Russell IC.  1892.  Climatic changes indicated by the glaciers of North America. American Geologist. 9:322-336.

Russell IC.  1897.  Glaciers of North America; a reading lesson for students of geography and geology.

Russell IC.  1898.  Glaciers of Mount Rainier. USGS 18th Annual Report. 2:349-415.

Schilling SP, Carrara PE, Thompson RA, Iwatsubo EY.  2004.  Posteruption glacier development within the crater of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA. Quaternary Research. 61:325.

Schilling SP, Ramsey DW, Messerich JA, Thompson RA.  2006.  Rebuilding Mount St. Helens. USGS Scientific Investigations.

Schuster PF, Krabbenhoft DP, Naftz DL, Cecil LD, Olson ML, Dewild JF, Susong DD, Green JR, Abbott ML.  2002.  Atmospheric Mercury Deposition during the Last 270 Years: A Glacial Ice Core Record of Natural and Anthropogenic Sources. Environmental Science & Technology. 36:2303.

Schuster PF, White DF, Naftz DI, Cecil ID.  2000.  Chronological refinement of an ice core record at upper Fremont Glacier in south central North America. Journal of Geophysical Research. 105:4657-4666.

Scott WE.  1977.  Quaternary Glaciation and Volcanism, Metolius River area, Oregon. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 88:113-124.

Scott WE.  1990.  Temporal relations between eruptions of the Mount Bachelor volcanic chain and fluctuations of late Quaternary glaciers. Oregon Geology. 52:114-117.

Scott WE, Iverson RM, Vallance JW, Hildreth W.  1995.  Volcano Hazards in the Mount Adams Region, Washington. USGS Open-File Report. 95-492:11.

Scuderi LA.  1987.  Glacier variations in the Sierra Nevada, California, as related to a 1200-year tree-ring chronology. Quaternary Research. 27:220-231.

Sharp RP.  1960.  Pleistocene Glaciation in the Trinity Alps of Northern California. American Journal of Science. 258:305-340.

Sharp RP, Allen CR, Meier MF.  1959.  Pleistocene Glaciers on Southern California Mountains. American Journal of Science. 257:81-94.

Sharp RP, Epstein S, Vidziunas I.  1960.  Oxygen-Isotope Ratios in the Blue Glacier, Olympic Mountains, Washington, U. S. A.. Journal of Geophysical Research. 65:4043-4060.

Shreve RL.  1961.  The Borehole Experiment on Blue Glacier, Washington. International Association of Scientific Hydrology Publication. 54:530-531.

Shreve RL, Kamb WB.  1964.  Portable Thermal Core Drill for Temperate Glaciers. Journal of Glaciology. 5:113-117.

Shroder JJF.  1987.  Rock glaciers and slope failures: High Plateaus and La Sal Mountains, Colorado Plateau, Utah, USA. Rock Glaciers. 1:193-238.

Shroder JJF, Giardino JR.  1987.  Analysis of rock glaciers in Utah and Colorado, USA, using dendro- geomorphological techniques. Rock Glaciers. 1:151-159.

Siebenthal CE.  1907.  Notes on glaciation in the Sangre de Cristo Range, Coloado. Journal of Geology. 15:15-22.

Sigafoos RS, Hendricks EL.  1961.  Botanical evidence of the modern history of Nisqually Glacier, Washington. Botanical Evidence of Glacier Activity. Abstract

Skovlin JM.  2000.  Interpreting landscape change in high mountains of northeastern Oregon from long-term repeat photography. Abstract

Small EE.  1995.  Hypsometric forcing of stagnant ice margins: Pleistocene valley glaciers, San Juan Mountains, Colorado. Geomorphology. 14:109-122.

Smoot JP.  1998.  A comparison of the lacustrine sedimentary record for the Holocene and the last interglacial at Owens Lake, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 30:308.

Snyder EF.  1996.  Bibliography of glacier studies by the U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey open-file report. 95-723:35.

Spall H.  1980.  Continuous monitoring of Mount St. Helens volcano. Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS). 12:220-227.

Spence JR.  1981.  Comments on the Cryptogam Vegetation in Front of Glaciers in the Teton Range. Bryologist. 84:564-568. Abstract

Spence JR.  1985.  A floristic analysis of Neoglacial deposits in the Teton Range, Wyoming, USA. Arctic and Alpine Research. 17:19-30.

Sperry AL.  1938.  Avalanche.

Spicer RC.  1989.  Recent variations of Blue Glacier, Olympic Mountains, Washington, USA. Arctic and Alpine Research. 21:1-21.

Sprague M.  1964.  The Great Gates: The Story of the Rocky Mountain Passes.

Steig EJ, Fitzpatrick JJ, Potter JN, Clark DH.  1998.  The Geochemical Record in Rock Glaciers. Geografiska Annaler. Series A: Physical Geography. 80:277-286. Abstract

Stoddard C, Blair R.  1999.  Movement of the Snowdon rock glacier, San Juan Mountains, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 1999 annual meeting. 7:269-270.

Stone GH.  1887.  A living glacier on Hague's Peak, Colorado. Science. 10:153-154.

Stone GH.  1893.  An extinct glacier of the Salmon River Range [Idaho]. American Geologist. 11:406-409.

Sturchio N, Pierce K, Murrell M, Sorey M.  1994.  Uranium-Series Ages of Travertines and Timing of the Last Glaciation in the Northern Yellowstone Area, Wyoming-Montana. Quaternary Research. 41:265-277. Abstract

Sylvester AH.  1908.  Evidences of recent volcanic activity and the glaciers of Mount Hood, Oregon. Science. 27:585.

Tabor RW.  1982.  Geologic map of the Wenatchee 1:100,000 quadrangle, central Washington.

Tangborn WV.  1962.  Glaciological Investigations on South Cascade Glacier. The Mountaineer. 55:9.

Tangborn WV.  1966.  Glacier Mass Budget Measurements by Hydrologic Means. Water Resources Research. 2:105-110.

Tangborn WV.  1980.  2 Models for Estimating Climate-Glacier Relationships in the North Cascades, Washington, USA. Journal of Glaciology. 25:3-21.

Tangborn WV.  2007.  Fifty Years of Research at South Cascade Glacier. The Wild Cascades. Winter 2007-2008:15-18.

Tangborn WV, Fountain AG, Sikonia WG.  1990.  Effect of area distribution with altitude on glacier mass balance - a comparison of North and South Klawatti glaciers, Washington State, USA. Annals of Glaciology. 14:278-282.

Tangborn WV, Mayo LR, Scully DR, Krimmel RM.  1977.  Combined Ice and Water Balances of Maclure Glacier, California; South Cascade Glacier, Washington; and Wolverine and Gulkana Glaciers, Alaska, 1967 Hydrologic Year. USGS Professional Paper. 715B:20.

Thackray GD.  2001.  Extensive early and middle Wisconsin glaciation on the western Olympic Peninsula, Washington, and the variability of Pacific moisture delivery to the northwestern United States. Quaternary Research. 55:257-270. Abstract

Thackray GD.  2008.  Varied climatic and topographic influences on Late Pleistocene mountain glaciation in the Western United States. Journal of Quaternary Science. 23:671-681. Abstract

Thompson MED, Coues E, Ridgway R.  1879.  On the Plains and Among the Peaks; or, How Mrs. Maxwell made her natural history collection.

Trent DD.  1983.  California's ice age lost: the Palisade Glacier, Inyo County. California Geology. 36:264-269.

Turrin BD, Christiansen RL, Clynne MA, Champion DE, Gerstel WJ, Muffler LJP, Trimble DA.  1998.  Age of Lassen peak, California, and implications for the ages of late Pleistocene glaciations in the southern Cascade range. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 110:931-945.

Vick SG.  1981.  Morphology and the Role of Landsliding in Formation of some Rock Glaciers in the Mosquito Range, Colorado. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 92:75-84.

Vick SG.  1987.  Significance of landsliding in rock glacier formation and movement. Rock Glaciers. 1:239-263.

Wahrhaftig C.  1962.  Geomorphology of the Yosemite Valley Region, California. Geologic guide to the Merced Canyon and Yosemite Valley, California. 1:33-46.

Waitt JRB.  1980.  About 40 Last Glacial Lake Missoula Jokulhlaups Through Southern Washington. Journal of Geology. 88:653-679.

Waitt JRB.  1985.  Case for periodic, colossal jökulhlaups from Pleistocene glacial Lake Missoula. Geologic Society of America Bulletin. 96:1271-1286.

Waitt JRB, Yount JC, Davis PT.  1982.  Regional Significance of an Early Holocene Moraine in Enchantment Lakes Basin, North Cascade Range, Washington. Quaternary Research. 17:191-210.

Walder JS, Schilling SP, Vallance JW, LaHusen RG.  2008.  Effects of Lava-Dome Growth on the Crater Glacier of Mount St. Helens, Washington. USGS Professional Paper. 1750:258-276.

Ward DJ, Anderson RS, Guido ZS, Briner JP.  2009.  Numerical modeling of cosmogenic deglaciation records, Front Range and San Juan mountains, Colorado. Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface. 114:21. Abstract

Wawrzyniec TF, Geissman JW, Anderson RE, Harlan SS, Faulds J.  2001.  Paleomagnetic data bearing on style of Miocene deformation in the Lake Mead area, southern Nevada. Journal of Structural Geology. 23:1255-1279. Abstract

Weaver CS, Malone SD.  1979.  Seismic evidence for discrete glacier motion at the rock-ice interface. Journal of Glaciology. 23:171-184.

Weis PL, Newman WL.  1976.  The Channeled Scablands of Eastern Washington -The Geologic story of the Spokane Flood.

Weis PL, Newman WL.  1989.  The channeled scablands of eastern Washington: the geologic story of the Spokane flood.

Weissmann GS, Mount JF, Fogg CE.  2002.  Glacially driven cycles in accumulation space and sequence stratigraphy of a stream-dominated alluvial fan, San Joaquin Valley, California, USA. Journal of Sedimentary Research. 72:240-251.

Weissmann GS, Mount JF, Fogg GE.  2002.  Glacially driven cycles in accumulation space and sequence stratigraphy of a stream-dominated alluvial fan, San Joaquin Valley, California, U.S.A. Journal of sedimentary research. Section A, Sedimentary petrology and processes: an international journal of the Society for Sedimentary Geology. 72:240.

Wentworth CK, Delo DM.  1931.  Dinwoody Glaciers, Wind River Mountains, Wyoming; With a Brief Survey of Existing Glaciers in the United States. 42:605-620.

White SE.  1982.  Physical and geological nature of the Indian Peaks, Colorado Front Range. Arctic and Alpine Research. 37:1-12.

White SE.  1987.  Differential movement across transverse ridges on Arapaho rock glacier, Colorado Front Range, USA. Rock Glaciers. 1:145-149.

Williams IA.  1916.  Glaciers of the Three Sisters [Oregon]. Mazama. 5:14-23.

Williams RS, Ferrigno JG.  1988.  Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world.

Zielinski GA.  1989.  Lacustrine sediment evidence opposing Holocene rock glacier activity in the Temple Lake Valley, Wind River Range, Wyoming, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research. 21:22-33. Abstract

Zimmerman SRH, Hemming SR, Tamuloni K.  2001.  Late Pleistocene dropstone record of the Wilson Creek Formation, Mono Basin, CA. Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting. Abstract

Zreda MG, Phillips FM.  1996.  Insights into alpine moraine development from cosmogenic 36Cl buildup dating. Geomorphology. 14:149.

Zwick TT.  1980.  A Comparison Between the Modern and Composite Pleistocene Snow-Lines in the Absaroka and Beartooth Mountains, Montana-Wyoming, USA. Journal of Glaciology. 25:347-352.